Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential coenzyme involved in several redox reactions. NAD + also serves as an important substrate for several enzymes associated with DNA repair, secondary messenger signaling, and transcriptional regulation.
Found in all living cells, NAD is called a dinucleotide because it consists of two nucleotidesjoined through their phosphategroups. One nucleotide contains an adeninenucleobaseand the other, nicotinamide. NAD exists in two forms: an oxidized and reducedform, abbreviated as NAD+and NADH(H for hydrogen), respectively.
NADH's role in cellular respiration takes place with the electron transport chain. NADH is the junction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and hydrogen. Thus, it is the reduced form of
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